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@# Objective To compare performance of C5.0 decision tree models and radial basis function(RBF) neural network in predicting the risk of hemorrhagic transformation in acute ischemic stroke. Methods Patients with acute ischemic stroke admitted to hospital were enrolled. Hemorrhagic transformation group and non-hemorrhagic transformation group were divided according to whether hemorrhagic transformation occurred within 2 weeks after admission. Retrospectively collected patients’ case information. C5.0 decision tree models and RBF neural network model were established with the ratio of 7 :3 for training set and test set, and the prediction performance of the model was compared. Results A total of 460 patients’ case information were collected and divided in 314 training set samples and 146 test set samples. Accuracy rates of the C5.0 decision tree model were 96.5% and 80.1%, sensitivities were 98.1% and 82.6%, specificities were 94.8% and 77.9%, Kappa index were 0.93 and 0.60, and AUC were 0.97 and 0.80. Accuracy rates of the neural network model were 72.6% and 74.7%, sensitivities were 87.6% and 88.4%, specificities were 56.9% and 62.3%, Kappa index were 0.45 and 0.50, and AUCs were 0.72 and 0.75. In the training set, the prediction performance of the C5.0 decision tree model was superior to the RBF neural network model. However, there was no statistical difference in the test set.Conclusion C5.0 decision tree model is better than RBF neural network model in risk prediction.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate whether mono (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) affects genomic DNA methylation and the methylation status of some specific genes such as patched gene (PTCH) and smoothened gene (SMO) in LNCaP cells.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>LNCaP cells were treated with MEHP (0, 1, 5, 10, and 25 μmol/L) for 3 days. An ELISA assay was preformed to detect genomic methylation, including 5-methylcytosine (5-mC) and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) content. A pyrosequencing assay was applied to assess DNA methylation in PTCH and SMO gene promoters. The correlation between DNA methylation and gene expression was assessed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The proportion of cytosines with 5-mC methylation in LNCaP cells was significantly decreased by MEHP (1, 5, 10, and 25 μmol/L) in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.01). For genes in the Hedgehog pathway, there was no significant MEHP concentration-dependent difference in the DNA methylation of PTCH and SMO.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>MEHP might affect the progression of prostate cancer through its effect on global DNA methylation.</p>
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Antineoplastic Agents , Chemistry , Pharmacology , Cell Line, Tumor , DNA Methylation , Phthalic Acids , Chemistry , Prostatic Neoplasms , MetabolismABSTRACT
Prostaglandin synthase (PGS) can catalyze the production of various types of prostaglandins and regulate the expression levels of related substances. The regulation mechanisms of the PGS gene are closely related with the occurrence and development of prostate diseases. However, few studies are reported on the regulation mechanisms of PGS in prostatic diseases, such as benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer (PCa), or on the relationship between PGS gene regulation and prostate diseases. This review aims to analyze their correlation and provide some ideas for the prevention and control of BPH and PCa by intervention of the prostaglandin synthase regulatory pathway.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Gene Expression Regulation , Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases , Genetics , Physiology , Prostatic Hyperplasia , Genetics , Prostatic Neoplasms , GeneticsABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the ratio of lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood of patients with aplastic anemia (AA) and patients with hypoplastic myelodysplastic syndrome (hypo-MDS) patients and to evaluate their significance.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinical data of 181 cases of AA and 111 cases of hypo-MDS from January 2008 to December 2014 were collected from Blood Diseases Hospital of Chinese academy of medical sciences, and then the differences of lymphocyte subsets and its effect in 2 groups were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>CD4/CD8ratio, proportion of CD3cells and its subsets CD3CD4/CD3CD8cells in hypo-MDS group were not significant different from AA group (P>0.05). the proportion of CD3CD16/CD56NK cells and CD3CD57T-LGL cells in hypo-MDS group was significantly higher than that in AA group (P<0.05, P<0.01), but CD19B lymphocyte percentage in hypo-MDS patients was lower than that in AA patients (P<0.05). After dividing group according to CD4/CD8ratio, the ratios of CD3CD16/CD56NK cells and CD3/CD57T-LGL cells were higher only in normal CD4/CD8ratio group of hypo-MDS patients than those in AA patients, while the ratio of B lymphocytes was significant different in inverted CD4/CD8ratio group between hypo-MDS and AA patients. The CD19B lymphocyte ratio in hypo-MDS patients was significantly lower than that in AA patients (P<0.05). As well, the levels of erythrocytes and platelets in peripheral blood between hypo-MDS and AA patients only in normal CD4/CD8ratio group were significantly different, while the significant difference of WBC count and reticulocyte ratio were observed in high CD4/CD8ratio and non-inverted CD4/CD8ratio groups, respectively; the significant difference of bone marrow blast ratio and muture monocyte ratio was found in high CD4/CD8ratio group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The changes of lymphocyte subsets can be used as an reference indicator for differential diagnosis of hypo-MDS and AA. The comparative analysis of patients with these 2 kinds of diseases after dividing into subgroups according to ratio of CD4/CD8cells is beneficial to differentiat diagnosis.</p>
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Pyeloduodenal fistula is a rare condition and its association with malignancy is even rarer. Herein we report the case of a 66-year-old man who was admitted to the hospital with a three-month history of intermittent melena and a more than 20-year history of right-side renal stones. Computed tomography showed a heterogeneous right renal mass with a staghorn stone that had invaded the duodenum and caused an internal fistula. An upper gastrointestinal series showed pyeloduodenal fistula. The patient underwent an exploratory operation and a biopsy was taken at the peripelvic region. Pathological examination verified the existence of squamous cell carcinoma. To our knowledge, this is the first case of pyeloduodenal fistula associated with renal stones, squamous cell carcinoma and upper urinary tract calculus presenting on melena. We report on the features of this rare entity but also review and summarize the etiology, diagnosis and treatment options that can be extrapolated from the existing literature
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Bladder stones in elderly men are commonly associated with bladder outlet obstruction, and many different treatment modalities have been presented for both these conditions. To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of a novel method concerning spontaneous usage of both monopoplar transurethral resection of the prostate and Holmium Laser cystolithotripsy, we compared the transurethral use of resectoscope and cystoscope lithotripsy approaches retrospectively. Patients data of one hundred and nine male patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia [BPH] and bladder stone[s] were analyzed retrospectively. Two groups of patients were compared: Group I was treated with combination of transurethral holmium laser cystolithotripsy [HLC] and transurethral resection of the prostate [TURP] using the 24F resectoscope, and group II used 22F cystoscope and 24F resectoscope for treating both these conditions. We reviewed the records of 109 patients undergoing transurethral cystolithotripsy with holmium laser and simultaneous TURP. The mean bladder stone size were 3.6 +/- 1.5 cm in Group-I and 3.7 +/- 1.1 cm [mean 3.8] in Group-II [p > 0.05]. The mean operation time of Group-I and Group-II was 49.0 +/- 22.5 minutes and 79.0 +/- 28.5 minutes, respectively [p < 0.05]. Stone fragments were removed completely and TURP procedures were done successfully in all of the patients. Mild hematuria was found more frequently in Group-II [22.2%], and four [7.4%] patients had urethral stricture in the same group during the late follow-up. Combination of transurethral laser cystolithotripsy and TURP using the same 24F resectooscope is an effective, safe and economical treatment for bladder stones in BPH patients. It is minimally invasive and involves and has lower complication rates and shorter hospital stay. However, this combined approach should be taken in the treatment of calculus within 4 or 5 centimeters
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Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a worldwide common disease in men over 50 years old, and the exact cause of BPH remains largely unknown. In order to elucidate its pathogenesis and screen effective drugs for the treatment of BPH, many BPH models have been developed at home and abroad. This article presents a comprehensive analysis of the categories and characteristics of BPH drug evaluation models, highlighting the application value of each model, to provide a theoretical basis for the development of BPH drugs.
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Animals , Male , Disease Models, Animal , Drug Design , Drug Evaluation , Prostatic Hyperplasia , Drug TherapyABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish an in vitro screening model for steroid 5 alpha-reductase inhibitors using the microplate reader.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Steroid 5 alpha-reductase was obtained from the liver of female rats, an in vitro screening model for steroid 5 alpha-reductase inhibitors established using the 96-well plate and microplate reader after determination of the enzymatic activity, and the reliability of the model verified with the known 5 alpha-reductase inhibitors epristeride and finasteride. Added to the 96-well plate were the final concentrations of testosterone (0-40 micromol/L), NADPH (22 micromol/L), epristeride (0-60 nmol/L) or finasteride (0-60 nmol/ L) and steroid 5 alpha-reductase (20 microl), the total volume of each well adjusted to 200 microl with Tris-Hcl buffer. The 96-well plate was placed in the microplate reader, mixed and incubated at 37 degrees C, followed by detection of the A340nm value at 0 and 10 min and analysis of the data.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The Km value of steroid 5 alpha-reductase was 3.794 micromol/L, with a Vmax of 0.271 micromol/(L. min). The Ki of epristeride was 148.2 nmol/L, with an IC50 of 31.5 nmol/L, and the enzymatic reaction kinetic curve suggested that epristeride was an uncompetitive enzyme inhibitor. The Ki of finasteride was 158. 8 nmol/L, with an IC50 of 13.6 nmol/L. The enzymatic reaction kinetic curve showed that both epristeride and finasteride were competitive enzyme inhibitors, similar to those reported in the published literature.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>A screening model was successfully established, which could rapidly and effectively screen steroid 5 alpha-reductase inhibitors in vitro.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Rats , 5-alpha Reductase Inhibitors , Drug Evaluation, Preclinical , Methods , High-Throughput Screening Assays , Methods , Immunoenzyme Techniques , Rats, Sprague-DawleyABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish a scoring system predicting the ascites postoperatively by analyzing the variant factors associated with massive ascites after hepatectomy in the patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From January 2005 to January 2010, 324 patients with HCC underwent hepatectomy were analyzed retrospectively. There were 282 male and 42 female, aging from 17 to 84 years (mean age, 54 years). They were divided into two groups according to the volume of ascites. Variant preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative factors were compared and a scoring system was established to predict the postoperative ascites.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The univariate analyses revealed that various preoperative factors including prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, platelet count, albumin, aspartate aminotransferase had significantly difference in the two groups (P < 0.05). The operation time, intraoperative bleeding, hemihepatectomy or extended hemi-hepatectomy and the request of blood and serum transfusion had significantly difference in the two groups (P < 0.05). The multivariate analysis showed that the PLT, AST and the intraoperative plasma transfusion, hemihepatectomy or extended hemi-hepatectomy, the urine output and the drainage in the first postoperative day were independent factors (P < 0.05) for ascites. A scoring system was established based on the analysis. The specificity and the sensitivity were 86.2% and 83.3% respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Variant factors are associated with postoperative ascites for hepatocellular carcinoma and the scoring system established can predict the ascites after hepatectomy accurately.</p>
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Ascites , Carcinoma, Hepatocellular , General Surgery , Hepatectomy , Liver Neoplasms , General Surgery , Multivariate Analysis , Postoperative Complications , Prognosis , Retrospective Studies , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the relationship of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and cirrhosis with liver metastasis in colorectal cancer.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Clinical date of 1176 colorectal cancer patients undergone surgical treatment in the Peking University School of Oncology between January 1999 and August 2004 were analyzed retrospectively to investigate the impact of HBV infection and cirrhosis on the occurrence of liver metastasis and prognosis of patients.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The incidence of liver metastasis was 8.8% (10/114) in the HBV infection group and 23.9% (254/1062) in the non-infection group (P<0.01). The 5-year survival rates of these two groups were 54.2% and 60.7% ( P>0.05). The incidence of liver metastasis was 3.8% (1/26) in the cirrhotic group and 22.9% (263/1150) in the non-cirrhotic group (P<0.05). The 5-year survival rates of these two groups were 60.9% and 59.9% ( P>0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Both hepatitis B virus infection and cirrhosis are associated with less liver metastasis in colorectal cancer, but have no impact on the survival.</p>
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Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Colorectal Neoplasms , Pathology , Virology , Hepatitis B , Hepatitis B virus , Liver Cirrhosis , Liver Neoplasms , Virology , Neoplasm Metastasis , Retrospective Studies , Survival RateABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the therapeutic effect and the possible mechanism of Bushen Huayu Qutan Recipe (BHQR, a Chinese recipe formulated according to the therapeutic principle of nourishing Shen, resolving stasis and dispelling phlegm) on polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>BHQR was used, both internally and externally, to treat 46 patients with PCOS, and combined with diformin if necessary. Six successive months treatment was regarded as one course. The clinical symptoms and signs, including obesity, polytrichia, acne and acanthosis, were observed and scored before and after treatment; and serum levels of hormones and insulin were measured as well.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After treatment, the scores of symptoms and signs of patients were significantly lowered (P<0.05 for obesity and P <0.01 for others), significant lowering was also found in serum level of testosterone (P<0.05), fasting serum insulin (P<0.01) and the values of insulin and insulin area under curve (P<0.05) 30 min and 60 min after glucose load.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>BHQR could not only significantly relieve the symptoms and signs of patients with PCOS, but also regulate well the ovarian function.</p>
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Young Adult , Capsules , Drug Therapy, Combination , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Therapeutic Uses , Insulin , Blood , Metformin , Therapeutic Uses , Phytotherapy , Polycystic Ovary Syndrome , Drug Therapy , Pathology , Testosterone , Blood , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study DNA damages of liver cells in rats exposed to vinyl chloride monomer (VCM), and the expressions of DNA damage repair enzymes including O(6)-methyl guanine-DNA methyl transferase (MGMT), X-ray repair cross-complementing group 1 (XRCC1) and X-ray repair cross-complementing group 3 (XRCC3); and to explore the repair mechanism of DNA damage induced by VCM.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Rats were exposed to VCM by intraperitoneal injection. DNA damages were detected by single cell gel electrophoresis (comet assay). The expressions of DNA damage repair enzymes were measured by immunohistochemical methods.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The percentages of comet cells in low, moderate, and high dose groups (11.75%, 12.38%, and 17.63%, respectively) were greater than that of control (5.67%). The latter two groups were significantly different from that of control (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). The expressions of MGMT and XRCC1 decreased, and XRCC3 increased with the dose of VCM increased. DNA damage was correlated with the expression of XRCC3 (r = 0.438, P = 0.067).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>VCM can cause DNA damage of liver cells with dose-response relationship. DNA damage repair enzymes take part in the repairing of DNA damage induced by VCM.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Carcinogens , Toxicity , DNA Damage , DNA Repair , DNA-Binding Proteins , Genetics , Metabolism , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Liver , Cell Biology , Metabolism , O(6)-Methylguanine-DNA Methyltransferase , Genetics , Metabolism , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Vinyl Chloride , Toxicity , X-ray Repair Cross Complementing Protein 1ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish a prostatic hyperplasia model with Beagle canines.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twenty-four two-year-old male Beagle canines were divided into treatment and control groups at random and were administrated testosterone propionate (TP) through intramuscular injection two months after castration. Three treatment groups were given 0.8, 2.5 and 7.5 mg/kg TP respectively, and the control was given the same volume of vehicle. Two months later, half of the animals were killed and the serum and prostate were prepared. After the wet weight and volume of prostate were measured, the dihydrotestosterone (DHT) level of serum and prostate were detected with DHT radioimmunoassay (RIA) kit, and paraffine section from canine prostate was stained by the HE methods. Pictures were taken by digital camera under microscope, and all the pictures were analyzed by computer for epithelial cell height and acinar luminal area of prostate with micro image analysis software. The canine prostate volume was measured with ultrasonic diagnosis instrument before castration, at two months after castration and at two months after being given TP.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The ultrasonic results showed that the prostate volumes of all the canines were smaller at two months after castration than before castration (P < 0.05), and after having been administrated TP for two months, and the prostate volumes of all treatment groups were larger than those of the control group (P < 0.01). The wet weight of the prostate of the treatment group was higher than that of the control group (P < 0.05), and both had dose-dependent relationship. The DHT level of serum and prostate of the canines became higher with the increase of TP dose. The results of micro image analysis showed that the acinar luminal area of prostate was enlarged, and the epithelial cell height increased with larger dose of TP.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>It is practicable to establish prostatic hyperplasia model in Beagle canines after two months of TP administration.</p>